Collaborative journalism is a mode of journalism Journalism is the investigation and reporting of events, issues, and trends to a broad audience. Although there is much variation within journalism, the ideal is to inform the citizenry. Besides covering organizations and institutions such as government and business, journalism also covers cultural aspects of society such as arts and entertainment where multiple reporters A reporter is a type of journalist who researches and presents information in certain types of mass media or news organizations, without affiliation to a common parent organization, report on and contribute news News is the communication of information on current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or word of mouth to a third party or mass audience items to a news story together. It is practiced by both professional and amateur reporters.

Contents

Further Definition

Collaborative journalism involves the aggregation of information from numerous individuals or organizations into a single news story. Information is gathered through research or reporting, or added when readers examine, comment and build upon existing stories. Stories from the mainstream Mainstream is, generally, the common current of thought of the majority[citation needed]. However, the mainstream is far from cohesive; rather the concept is often considered a cultural construct[citation needed]. It is a term most often applied in the arts[citation needed] . This includes: media are often built upon. Depending on the system of collaboration, individuals may also provide feedback Feedback describes the situation when output from an event or phenomenon in the past will influence an occurrence or occurrences of the same (i.e. same defined) event / phenomenon (or the continuation / development of the original phenomenon) in the present or future. When an event is part of a chain of cause-and-effect that forms a circuit or or vote Voting is a method for a group such as a meeting or an electorate to make a decision or express an opinion—often following discussions, debates, or election campaigns. It is often found in democracies and republics on whether an article is newsworthy. A single collaborative news story, therefore, may encompass multiple authors, varying articles, and ranged perspectives[1].

Professional The word professional traditionally means a person who has obtained a degree in a professional field. The term professional is used more generally to denote a white collar working person, or a person who performs commercially in a field typically reserved for hobbyists or amateurs and amateur reporters may work together to develop collaborative news articles, or mainstream media sites may gather amateur blog posts to complement reporting.[2]

Collaborative journalists either contribute directly to stories, sometimes through a wiki-style collaboration platform, or build upon the story externally, often through personal blogs. Collaborative journalists develop or examine a story one piece at a time. This contrasts the deadline A time limit or deadline in general depicts a narrow field of time that some sort of objective or task must be accomplished by. In project management, deadlines are most often associated with milestone goals and completion-centered nature of traditional media The old media or legacy media are traditional means of communication and expression that have existed since before the advent of the new medium of the Internet. Industries that are generally considered part of the old media are broadcast and cable television, radio, movie and music studios, newspapers, magazines, books and most print publications. A story is built upon continually, and a popular story may receive daily updates.[1] Through combined authorship, collaborative journalism is thought by some to offer an increased independence of thought and experience unavailable to traditional media [3].

Successful collaborative journalism projects require a participatory community with respect for content. Ross Mayfield, CEO of SocialText, has commented on wiki-style collaborative journalism[4]:

"Most user-generated content isn't content, but conversation. Cultivating community is a decided practice. It boils down to the social contract you make with your readers-turned-writers. If they trust that their effort and words will be appropriated appropriately, while providing social incentives for participation, it can very well work."

History

Collaborative journalism emerged through the internet The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and in the early 2000s, and developed gradually through various online outlets. As examples, Wikinews Wikinews is a free-content news source wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. The site works through collaborative journalism. Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales has distinguished Wikinews from Wikipedia by saying "on Wikinews, each story is to be written as a news story as opposed to an encyclopedia article." The neutral point of was founded in 2003, and NewsVine Newsvine is a community-powered, collaborative journalism news website, owned by msnbc.com, which draws content from its users and syndicated content from mainstream sources such as The Associated Press. Users can write articles, seed links to external content, and discuss news items submitted by both users and professional journalists in 2005.

Differentiation from Other Styles of Journalism

Link Journalism

"Link Journalism," a phrase coined by Scott Karp in 2008, is "a form of collaborative journalism in which a news story's writer provides external links within the story to reporting or other sources on the web." [5][6] These links are meant to complement, enhance, or add context to the original reporting. Jeff Jarvis Jeff Jarvis is an American journalist. He is the former television critic for TV Guide and People magazine, creator of Entertainment Weekly, Sunday editor and associate publisher of the New York Daily News, and a columnist on the San Francisco Examiner, from the Graduate School of Journalism's new media program at the City University of New York The City University of New York , acronym pronounced /ˈkjuːni/, is the public university system of New York City, with its administrative offices in Yorkville in Manhattan. It is the largest urban university in the United States, consisting of 23 institutions: 11 senior colleges, six community colleges, the William E. Macaulay Honors College at, has said that link journalism creates a "new architecture of news." [3]

Implementation

Collaborative journalism has been implemented in several different ways. Wikinews Wikinews is a free-content news source wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. The site works through collaborative journalism. Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales has distinguished Wikinews from Wikipedia by saying "on Wikinews, each story is to be written as a news story as opposed to an encyclopedia article." The neutral point of, the "free-content online news source," lets any user edit or create a news story, similar in style to Wikipedia Wikipedia is a free, web-based, collaborative, multilingual encyclopedia project supported by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. Its 16 million articles have been written collaboratively by volunteers around the world, and almost all of its articles can be edited by anyone with access to the site. Wikipedia was launched in 2001 by Jimmy Wales. Several mainstream news sites have adopted a collaborative journalism approach toward news, through use of news aggregation. The Washington Post The Washington Post is Washington, D.C.'s largest newspaper and its oldest, founded in 1877. Located in the capital of the United States, The Post has a particular emphasis on national politics. D.C., Maryland, and Virginia editions are printed for daily circulation has developed a political site which links to related content from other news sites. NBC The National Broadcasting Company is an American television network and former radio network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Rockefeller Center with additional major offices in Burbank, California. It is sometimes referred to as the "Peacock Network" due to its stylized peacock logo, created originally for color links to local newspapers, radio broadcasts, online videos, and blogs on its local television stations' sites. The sites do not separate articles written by NBC staff and links to outside sources. The New York Times The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. Although it remains both the largest local metropolitan newspaper in the United States as well as third largest overall behind The Wall Street Journal and USA Today, the weekday circulation of the paper has fallen precipitously in has introduced a Times Extra website feature which acts posts links to outside news sites[3]. Commenting on the launch of Times Extra, Marc Frons, CTO for Digital Operations at the New York Times, said[7]:

“In the past, I think many news organizations were afraid to link to other Web sites out of fear that they might be sending people to an unreliable source or that their readers would never return. But those fears were largely misplaced and we’ve seen a much more open policy when it comes to pointing readers at useful content elsewhere on the Web."

Other sites exhibit collaborative journalism through aggregation. On the site NewsVine Newsvine is a community-powered, collaborative journalism news website, owned by msnbc.com, which draws content from its users and syndicated content from mainstream sources such as The Associated Press. Users can write articles, seed links to external content, and discuss news items submitted by both users and professional journalists, for example, wire stories from the Associated Press complement user-generated stories and blog posts. Reddit Reddit is a social news website, owned by Conde Nast Digital, a subsidiary of Advance Magazine Publishers Inc. Users can browse and have the option to submit links to content on the Internet or submit "self" posts that contain original, user-submitted text. Other users may then vote the posted links "up" or "down" and other news aggregation sites may also act as collaborative journalism sites, depending on where content originates.

Criticism

Collaborative journalism has received some criticism:

References

  1. ^ a b Whatis.com "What is collaborative citizen journalism?" 2006 2006 was a common year that started on a Sunday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2006th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 6th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 7th of the 2000s decade, TechTarget
  2. ^ Instablogs "Instablogs Tour" 2007 2007 was a common year that started on a Monday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2007th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 7th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 8th of the 2000s decade, Instablogs.
  3. ^ a b c Stelter, Brian. "Mainstream News Outlets Start Linking to Other Sites" 12 October 2008, New York Times
  4. ^ Glaser, Mark. "Collaborative Conundrum: Do Wikis Have a Place in the Newsroom?" 2004 2004 was a leap year that started on a Thursday. In the Gregorian calendar, the year 2004 was the 2004th year in the Anno Domini or Common Era, the 4th year in the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century, and the 5th in the 2000s decade, USC Annenberg: Online Journalism Review
  5. ^ Karp, Brian. "How Link Journalism Could Have Transformed the New York Times Reporting on McCain Ethics" 2008 2008 was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2008th year of the Common Era or of Anno Domini; the 8th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 9th of the 2000s, Publish 2.0 Blog
  6. ^ Frons, Marc. "Talk to the Times: Chief Technology Officer, Digital Operations" 2008 2008 was a leap year that started on a Tuesday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2008th year of the Common Era or of Anno Domini; the 8th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 9th of the 2000s, New York Times
  7. ^ "Collaboration is Queen" 2009 2009 was a common year that started on a Thursday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 2009th year of the Common Era or of Anno Domini; the 9th year of the 3rd millennium and of the 21st century; and the 10th and last of the 2000s decade, DigiDave.org
  8. ^ Haber, Marlan Wynne "Strategies of Collaborative Writing and Intellectual Enrichment." 1994 1994 was a common year that started on a Saturday. In the Gregorian calendar, it was the 1994th year of the Common Era, or of Anno Domini; the 994th year of the 2nd millennium; the 94th year of the 20th century; and the 5th of the 1990s

See also

Categories: Journalism genres | Technology in society

 

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